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    Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(physics)

    String (physics) - Wikipedia

    Closed and open strings Strings can be either open or closed. A closed string is a string that has no end-points, and therefore is topologically equivalent to a circle. An open string, on the other hand, has two end-points and is topologically equivalent to a line interval. Not all string theories contain open strings, but … See more

    Summary

    In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or point-like by definition, strings are … See more

    See also

    • Cosmic strings
    • Elementary particle
    • Brane
    • D-brane See more

    Overview

    In string theory, the strings may be open (forming a segment with two endpoints) or closed (forming a loop like a circle) and may have other special properties. Prior to 1995, there were five known versions of string theory incorporating the idea of supersymmetry See more

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  2. arXiv.org
    https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06888
    [PDF]

    Open & Closed vs. Pure Open String One-Loop Amplitudes

  3. Question & Answer
  4. arXiv.org
    https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.06888

    Open & Closed vs. Pure Open String One-Loop Amplitudes

    Tags:
    Author:S. Stieberger
    Publish Year:2021
    arXiv:2105.06888 [hep-th
  5. Springer
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP03(2020)007

    One-loop open-string integrals from differential equations: all-order

    Tags:
    Carlos R. Mafra, Oliver Schlotterer
    Publish Year:2020
  6. Fiveable
    https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/intro-college-physics/open-string

    Open String - Vocab, Definition, and Must Know Facts - Fiveable

  7. arXiv.org
    https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.08981.pdf
    [PDF]

    BUILDING BLOCKS OF CLOSED AND OPEN STRING …

  8. People also ask
    How do you add open and closed strings?
    Due to the decoupling of open and closed string adding open strings is simply accomplished by the additional factor (2.13). With the additional (closed string) data 2 qrqn+1 . 2 qrqs . T (q1, . . . , qn; q0, qn+1) is the off–shell closed string amplitude derived in (4πT )−1, τ = 2iλ, the tube length λ and Q = η(τ)−24). It describes the

    Open & Closed vs. Pure Open String One-Loop Amplitudes - arXiv.org

    arxiv.org
    Is a string open or closed?
    Strings can be either open or closed. A closed string is a string that has no end-points, and therefore is topologically equivalent to a circle. An open string, on the other hand, has two end-points and is topologically equivalent to a line interval.

    String (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org
    How can open strings mutate into closed string amplitude?
    Therefore, by extending the setup to the closed string sector we will be able to relate the object (4.28) to a one–loop amplitude involving n−1 open strings and one closed string. In other words, one of the open strings mutates into a closed string state when it is integrated along the line σ1 =0 (σ1 =1).

    Open & Closed vs. Pure Open String One-Loop Amplitudes - arXiv.org

    arxiv.org
    How do open strings mutate into closed strings?
    In other words, one of the open strings mutates into a closed string state when it is integrated along the line σ1 =0 (σ1 =1). Note that according to (4.15) the amplitude A(1) n−1,1 in (4.29) corresponds to a linear combination of n+1–point open string amplitudes, while B(1) n ({1, n}|{2, . . ., n−1}) involves only n open strings.

    Open & Closed vs. Pure Open String One-Loop Amplitudes - arXiv.org

    arxiv.org
    What is the relation between open string and closed string building blocks?
    We then give the relation between the open string and closed string building blocks usingtheconformal block decomposition approach of . The open string building blocks are special values ofthe (multi-valued) conformal blocks and the closed string building blocks are special values of (single-valued) conformal correlation functions.

    BUILDING BLOCKS OF CLOSED AND OPEN STRING

    arxiv.org
    What is a closed string tree amplitude?
    This relation which is derived from pure string world–sheet properties without any assumptions on the underlying string background (except that there exists an underlying conformal field theory description) expresses closed string tree amplitudes as weighted sum over squares of open string tree amplitudes.

    Open & Closed vs. Pure Open String One-Loop Amplitudes - arXiv.org

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  9. slimy.com
    http://www.slimy.com/~steuard/research/…

    An Introduction to String Theory: Open Strings - Slimy

    The main new feature of open strings is their endpoints, which (not surprisingly) behave in many ways like point particles. As illustrated here, open strings can interact by joining their endpoints together or by splitting apart.

  10. Physics Stack Exchange
    https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/35515/...

    Open String Coupling - Physics Stack Exchange

    Tags:
    Mathematical Physics
    String Coupling in String Theory
  11. International Press of Boston
    https://intlpress.com/site/pub/files/_fulltext/...
    [PDF]

    ZERO-LOOP OPEN STRINGS IN THE COTANGENT BUNDLE …

    Tags:
    Kenji Fukaya, Yong-Geun Oh
    Publish Year:1997
    Louisiana Offshore Oil Port
  12. Stack Overflow
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49792148

    python - For loop and open statements - Stack Overflow

    What is the fastest way to iterate through individual characters in a ...Apr 24, 2017
    java - How to iterate through a StringSep 26, 2010
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    Loop Statement Python
    Open Statement Python
    Python Open in For Loop
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